GEOGRAPHY
2015 (27 Marks)
Ans: Because
India cannot depend entirely on hydro-electricity due to the uneven and
seasonal nature of its rainfall.
2. What
would happen to the people who had exposed to nuclear radiation? 1
Ans:
Exposure
to nuclear radiation causes diseases like nausea, loss of hair, diarrhoea, and
even cancer.
3. Name
the two major types of soils of Manipur its distribution. 2
Ans:
1) Residual soil/ Red
ferrugious soil- The soil generally contains small rock fragments, sand and
sandy clay and are of varieties.
2)
Alluvium soil in the valley area- It contains small fragments of
rocks, loam, sandy clay and sand and they are quite diverse.
4. Suggest
one transport system each that would be suitable for carrying natural gas and
perishable goods respectively over long distances. 2
Ans:
For
natural gas pipelines transport would be suitable and road transport would be
suitable for perishable goods.
Ans: i) To treat
hotwater effluents before releasing them in rivers and lakes.
ii)
To minimize use of water by reusing and recycling it.
iii) To harvest rainwater to meet water
requirement.
iv) To prohibit over drawing of
groundwater by industry.
v) To fit smoke stacks with electronic
precipitators, fabric filters, wet scrubbers, inertial separators etc. for
reducing release of particulate matter.
vi) To fit silencers in machinery and
equipment in order to reduce noise pollution.
vii) To plant trees such as Ashok, Neem,
Tamarind etc. around industrial sites for absorbing and dissipating sound.
viii) To take legal measures e.g.
environmental clearance for setting up new industries, enforcing Ozone
Depleting Substances Rules, 2000.
6. Draw
a full page outline map of India and mark and label therein the following:
Areas
of Mangrove forests. 1+1=2
7. Give
a brief account of the three main sources of irrigation in the country. 3
Ans:
The three main source of irrigation in India are
(i) Canals- Canals are the
most popular mode of irrigation in the plains, coastal and deltaic regions of
India. It covers over 36.5 per cent of the total irrigated area. It is found in
Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar.
(ii)
Wells and tube-wells -Well irrigation is popular in areas
where the level of sweet ground water is high. 58.5 per cent of the total
irrigated area is occupied by the well irrigation. It is practiced in the plain
of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and the coastal plains.
(iii)
Tanks-
Tank irrigation covers only 4.7 per cent of the total irrigated area. It is
practiced mainly in peninsular India.
8. Explain
the chief characteristics of the regur or black soils of India by giving three
points. 3
Ans: Regur
or black soils are generally black in colour, clayey, deep and impermeable and
are capable of sustaining moisture for sufficiently long time. They have rich
content of calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and are best suited for the
cultivation of cotton. So, these soils are also known as Black cotton soils. They
are typical of Deccan Plateau and occur particularly in Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
9. Why
is there a presenting need for the use of renewable energy in the country? 3
Ans: There is a
presenting need for the use of renewable energy in the country because with the
increasing demand for energy, a great pressure is being exerted on the use of
exhaustible mineral fuels like coal, oil and gas. Moreover, rising prices of
oil and gas and their shortage have created uncertainties about the security of
energy supply in future and increasing use of fossil have caused serious
environmental problems.
10. Explain
any three the favourable conditions for the localization of paper industry in
West Bengal. 3
Ans:
1. Bamboo from
Assam and Sundarban Delta, grass from Bihar
2. Coal from Jhaira and Raniganj
3. Clean water from Hugli River
4. Large market and its cheap
transport
11. Compare
the geographical conditions necessary for the cultivation of cotton with those
of jute. 5
Ans:
Cultivation
of Cotton
|
Cultivation
of Jute
|
It
requires high temperature, light rainfall.
|
It requires high temperature (270C)
throughout the year.
|
210 frost-free days and clear
sky during flowering stage.
|
It grows well on well-drained
fertile soils in the flood plains where new soils deposited every year.
|
It grows in Kharif season
|
It also grows in Kharif season.
|
It requires 6 to 8 months to
mature.
|
It is known as the golden fibre.
|
It grows best in the driest
parts of the black cotton soils (regur or black soils) of the Deccan Plateau.
|
India is the largest producer
of Jute in the world. West Bengal accounts for about three-fourth of the
production in the country.
|
India is the fourth largest
producer of cotton in the world. Maharashtra is the leading producer of
India.
|
Or,
Why has the food
grain production remained stagnant or declined in the last few years in India?
Ans:
The
foodgrains production remained stagnant or declined in the last few years in
India because, there has been a gradual shift from cultivation of food grains
to cultivation of other crops. The net sown area is declining day by day due to
non-agricultural use of arable land. Natural calamities such as flood, cyclone
and earthquake affect some particular states. The productivity of land has
started showing a declining trend. Inefficient water management has led to
water logging intensive crops are grown in low rainfall areas (e.g. rice in
Punjab, sugarcane in Maharashtra) by pumping ground water thereby reducing
water storage in aquifers. The big farmers with deeper tubewells still have
water, but small farmers face a water crisis. So, there can be no food security
without the security of the small farmers. In 2006, the stock of foodgrains has declined
to a critical level and India has to import wheat from aboard.
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